Artificial Insemination
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment in which sperm is introduced directly into a woman’s uterus to assist fertilisation. First, the woman’s ovulation is monitored, either naturally or through hormone treatments. Once ovulation is confirmed, the sperm sample is prepared and inserted into the uterus using a thin catheter.
This procedure is quick and minimally invasive, typically allowing patients to resume daily activities immediately. Ovulation monitoring is essential to ensure the procedure is timed for the best possible outcome.
When is IUI Recommended?
IUI is recommended for couples dealing with mild infertility issues, such as low sperm count, ovulation difficulties, or when cervical mucus obstructs the sperm’s journey to the egg. It’s also a good option for single women or same-sex couples using donor sperm.
In cases of unexplained infertility or when less invasive treatment is desired, IUI is often the first step, provided that the woman’s fallopian tubes are healthy.
Preparation and Care Before IUI
Before undergoing IUI, both partners typically go through fertility tests to assess overall reproductive health. The woman’s ovulation is monitored through ultrasounds and hormone tests to ensure that the procedure aligns with her natural cycle.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including maintaining a balanced diet, exercising, and avoiding harmful habits like smoking, is crucial for improving fertility. The medical team may also offer guidance on preparing the body for the procedure to increase the chances of success.
Conditions to Undergo IUI
To be eligible for IUI, the woman must ovulate regularly or be able to ovulate with medication. Her fallopian tubes should be clear, as sperm needs to travel through them to meet the egg. Additionally, the sperm sample, whether from a partner or a donor, must meet quality standards to increase the likelihood of successful fertilisation.
Severe fertility problems, such as blocked fallopian tubes or very low sperm quality, may require more advanced treatment options, such as IVF.
Age’s Role in IUI Success
Age plays a significant role in the success of IUI. Women under 35 have higher success rates due to the better quality of their eggs. After the age of 35, the chances of pregnancy decrease as the ovarian reserve declines.
For women over 40, doctors may assess ovarian reserve before recommending IUI, and additional fertility treatments may be necessary to improve outcomes. Discussing fertility goals with a specialist is key to determining the best course of action based on age.
Difference Between IUI and IVF
IUI and IVF are both fertility treatments, but they differ in approach. With IUI, sperm is inserted into the uterus, allowing fertilisation to happen naturally. In IVF, eggs are retrieved from the ovaries, fertilised in a lab, and then the embryo is transferred to the uterus.
IVF is generally more suitable for severe fertility issues, such as blocked fallopian tubes or significant sperm problems, while IUI is a less invasive option for milder fertility challenges.
When Can I Take a Pregnancy Test After IUI?
It’s best to wait 10 to 14 days after IUI before taking a pregnancy test. Testing too early can lead to a false negative, as the embryo may not have implanted or hormone levels might still be too low to detect.
Your doctor may recommend a blood test to measure hCG levels more accurately, which can confirm pregnancy earlier than a home test.
What Are the Success Rates of IUI?
Success rates for IUI depend on various factors, including age and the cause of infertility. Women under 35 typically have a 10% to 20% chance of success per cycle, but rates decrease after 40.
It’s common to require several cycles, and doctors often recommend up to four attempts before considering more advanced treatments like IVF.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How many cycles of IUI are recommended?
Doctors usually suggest trying 3 to 4 cycles before exploring other options like IVF.
2. Is IUI painful?
No, it’s generally painless, with some women experiencing mild cramping similar to period discomfort.
3. Can IUI lead to twins?
Yes, especially if ovulation is stimulated, as multiple eggs may be released.
4. Can I go back to normal activities after the procedure?
Yes, most women can resume their daily activities immediately after the procedure.
5. What should I do if the first IUI cycle fails?
If the first cycle isn’t successful, your doctor may modify the treatment plan and continue with further cycles to improve the chances of success.